The Rise of Enlightened Sexism - 622 Words

The rise of enlightened sexism: How pop culture took us from girl power to girls gone wild Douglas’ humorous and well informed way of writing really inspired me. From examples of magazines, media, television shows, films, retail, and even in music she described and compared to us what is going on among these examples and how real women today are really living their lives. Douglas presents an analysis of how women are presented to the public and how we continue to be treated as inferior to men despite the strides of feminism. After reading this book, I even find myself reading or watching something and pretty much look to see if it is women friendly or not. This is something I really never done before until now. This book definitely got me to think about feminism and the role it plays in my life. This book’s major argument is how women are shown by contemporary media and popular culture in mixed messages. Douglas focuses on the ways women are portrayed in popular music, such as dancers wearing barely any clothes and doing inappropriate things in rap videos; to the empowered women warriors in television, such as Xena: Warrior Princess, Dark Angel and Buffy the Vampire Slayer; to the female players, such as Sarah Palin and Hilary Clinton. Her arguments and points are very valid, I personally think. â€Å"Since the 1990s the mass media has increasingly reported that women have â€Å"made it,† that they achieved gender equality. On television women occupy important jobs like doctors,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Disney s And Fat Phobic Appearance Personality Correlation2223 Words   |  9 Pagesare merely scrawl, yet deemed as Arabic by the movie’s creators. Jasmine is far underdressed for her culture, and would have worn longer, looser clothing to show status as a monarch. Part of the racial microaggression in Disney intersects with its sexism, though the misogyny displayed is spread out in small snippets over multiple movies rather than seen in large, overexaggerated antagonizing film basises. For instance, in analysis of 16 pre-2001 ‘classic’ dubbed films, it was found that males hadRead MoreCritical Analysis of Women Behind Bars Essay4460 Words   |  18 Pagesawareness about the growing population of women prisoners. Women Behind Bars presents a number of important issues regarding women prisoners. Incarcerated women’s stories represent a distillation of the larger forces that affect free women like racism, sexism and economic pressure. For these reasons, Silja Talvi explains, â€Å"incarcerated women should not be forgotten, despite the stigma of their criminal convictions and their physical removal from the community† (Talvi, 2007). Additionally, though incarceratedRead MoreMahfuz7742 Words   |  31 Pages Two forces killed the idea. 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JOHNRead MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pagesconstantly and covertly in the direction of world government for the  Antichrist.[5] Observers note that the galvanization of right-wing populist conspiracy theorists, such as  Linda Thompson,  Mark Koernke  and Robert K. Spear, into militancy led to the rise of the  militia movement, which spread its  anti-government  ideology through speeches at rallies and meetings, through books and videotapes sold at  gun shows, through shortwave and satellite radio, and through fax networks and computer bulletin boardsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdignity, principles were enunciated and precedents established that would form the basis for the more broadly based human rights struggles of the last half of the century. Due in large part, however, to the weaknesses of the League, resistance to the rise of internal repression and interstate aggression in the interwar years was feeble at best. Stalinist, fascist, and Japanese militarist contempt for civil rights, much less even peaceful protest, opened the way for brutally repressive regimes thatRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesResponsible Managers Relieve Stress on Their Employees 607 Questions for Review 608 Experiential Exercise Power and the Changing Environment 608 Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC 609 Case Incident 1 Starbucks Returns to Its Roots 610 Case Incident 2 The Rise of Extreme Jobs 610 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior 616 623 Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 About the Authors Stephen P. Robbins Education Ph.D. University of Arizona Professional Experience Academic

Regulatory and Accreditation Free Essays

Quantitative Research Article Critique Sandra M. Smith NUR/518 February, 26, 2012 Veta Massey Quantitative Research Article Critique Kalisch, B. J. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulatory and Accreditation or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Lee, K. (2011). Nurse Staffing Levels and Teamwork: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Care Units in Acute Care Hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1), 82-88. Introduction The purpose of this study is to explore the current research data and use of the Nurse Teamwork Survey to see if nurse staffing levels predicts teamwork. The importance of teamwork is to achieve a higher level of patient safety, quality of care, job satisfaction, and decrease turnover. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with a 2,545 nursing staff on 52 units delivering patient care, in four different hospitals among the Mid- West. The relevance of the study is to show that there is an association between quality, safe care, and teamwork which also requires safe staffing (Kalisch Lee, 2011) The title of the article suggests the main variables and the population in the study. The abstract concisely and clearly summarize the main problem, method, and results of the study. The problem identified is a lack of understanding between the relationship of workload, teamwork, and level of staffing. Literature review The literature review is up- to -date and focused mostly on primary sources. Dates of the literature review range from 1994- 2009. Only one review studied was over 10 years and six were in the past five years. The review provides a range of comparisons between teamwork and job satisfaction, mortality rate, interpersonal skills, and quality of care. What is known is that a higher level of teamwork in the intensive care units was found to be related to a decrease in mortality rates (Kalisch Lee, 2011). Also, a decrease in vacancy rates, and staff turnover was associated with higher level of teamwork. Brewer (2006) showed that† improved teamwork found a significant decrease in patient falls. † The literature review provides a solid base for this study. What is unknown is the relationship between workload, staffing levels, and teamwork. Framework The study illustrates a â€Å"conceptual framework which postulates that staffing levels predict teamwork when there is control of the acuity( CMI) of the patients on the units, the size of the hospital and the nurse staffing levels( nurse staffing included RN’s, LPN’s, NA’s, and unit secretaries)† (Kalisch Lee, 2009, p. 3). There is a conceptual map, which identifies the variables and relationship that is simple and understandable. The framework was based on the outcome of the literature review and the effects that staffing levels had on teamwork. The framework does identify the relationships between teamwork and staffing levels to patient outcomes. â€Å"The framework relates to the body of nursi ng knowledge in that patient safety and patient perception of care delivered in held in high esteem for nurses† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 83). The conceptual framework identified the meaning of teamwork by using the Salas, Sims, and Burke (2005) study that identified five important elements of teamwork (trust, team orientation, back up, shared mental model, and team leadership). Using this conceptual framework its basic foundation, the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) was developed and tested to be used for the psychometric elements. This testing resulted in identifying five different elements of the nursing team that was descriptive. The research questions proposed where asfollows: â€Å"By controlling the CMI and size of the hospital, does the level of staffing predict nursing teamwork? By controlling hospital size and CMI, does the level of staffing predict subscales of teamwork (trust, team orientation, back up shared mental model, and team leadership)† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 83)? The aim of the research questions was appropriate to the study on that they identified the relationship between teamwork and staffing levels. Method The study (Kalisch Lee, 2011) used a descriptive, cross-sectional design and an appropriate sample was used. â€Å"The setting was four hospitals within the Midwest of the United. Sampling characteristics were 60% over the age of 35. The majority of the sample were female (89%) and RN’s (70%), and the majority (74%) had at least 2 years experience† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 83). The sample group was identified and described and sufficient in size and character. The size of the hospitals were between 300 -900 beds. All units were eligible for inclusion. A total of 52 beds was the study sample. The sampling staff made up 2,545 respondents. 1,741 were RN’s, 41 were LPN’s, 502 were NA’s, and 191 were unit secretaries. The sample groups were appropriately identified as pertinent to the study question. The NTS was used in this study and was intended to measure nursing teamwork in the inpatient care setting. The Bartlett test was used to indicate the correlation matrix that showed it not to be an identity matrix. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measured the sample adequacy. In this study it was determined to be excellent at (0. 961). Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the team work model of five factors fit the data well. A comparative fit index model was 0. 884 with a root mean square error of approximation to be 0. 055. The test and retest reliability was good at 0. 92. The consistency of the survey showed to be 0. 94 with co-efficient ranging from 0. 74-0. 85. The results of these tests showed a similarity in responses of staff members on the same unit (Kalisch Lee, 2011). The NTS used was a questionnaire. It contains 33 questions with a Likert-type scaling system. This survey was generated by the literature review and from focus groups with staff members. The staff members are dependent variables within the study, although the hospital size and CMI of the patients are independent variables. The survey was given to the staff with a time limit for responding. The response was anonymous. Staffing data was also obtained by each hospitals database. The nurse staffing indicators included hours per patient day (HPPD), RN hours per patient day (RN HPPD), and skill mix (RN’s LPN’s, and NA’s providing direct patient care). The acuity of the patients was also a factor. The study did ensure comparable data among the four sites. This was done by using the raw data that was provided by the participating hospitals. The appropriate statistical methods were used in this study and the research questions were also addressed with the groups surveyed. Data collection The study was conducted over a four- week period where data was collected from each facility. The data collection phase included two separate study phases. The first phase was the administration of the survey to the units and the collection of raw staffing data from the hospitals. The NTS was put in an envelope with a letter of explanation about the study. Incentive was given to each participate by the addition of a candy bar. The participation was made known to be voluntary. The subjects were to place the completed survey in a locked box provided on each unit. A pizza incentive was given for units who achieved a 50% return. This incentive was appropriate because the staff had to take time out of their work day to do the study. The second phase, which collected the raw data of HPPD, RN HPPD, CMI, and skill mix were obtained from each unit prior to the NTS being administered (Kalisch Lee, 2011). The collected data was appropriate to the study questions. Statistical data analysis Data analysis was obtained by the use of the Statistical Package for Social Science version 16. 0. The unit analysis is identified as the patient care unit. The mean score for teamwork level obtained from the NTS was collected and combined to a unit level team score. Statistical analysis was done to address each question in the study. Appropriate methods were used to analyze the data obtained. â€Å"Preliminary analysis involved using frequency, descriptive, and correlation methods that associated with the research question. Correlation analysis was effectively used to address the relationships between hospital bed size, staffing levels, and teamwork† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 85). Regression analysis was done to identify the correlation of staffing levels as it compares to the five subscales of teamwork. One analysis identified HPPD as the high level of predictability of teamwork on the unit. The analysis showed that the higher the skill mixes on a floor and higher HPPD, the greater the predictability of teamwork. The findings of the study are adequately summarized by the use of multiple tables. The findings are reported in a manner that would support evidence-base practice. Discussion The major findings of the relationship between staffing levels and teamwork were interpreted and discussed. This study does demonstrate that there is a relationship between HPPD and nursing teamwork. It was also reported that the higher the skill mix the greater level of teamwork. Researcher notes that â€Å"the use of actual nurse staffing data adds substantial credibility and confidence to the previous findings† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 86). The interpretations of the study appear to uniformly flow with the results. The study does discuss the limitations of the study on that the sample was in only four Mid-Western hospitals. According to Kalisch and Lee (2011, p. 87), â€Å"team work is more difficult to achieve in larger hospitals. † The sample does not provide for generalizability of the findings. The study recommends further direct observation studies to measure actual teamwork. Implications The study does discuss the implications of the findings. The results suggest that ensuring adequate staffing is important but also increasing the efficiency of the delivery of care by using staff more effectively. Summary Despite some identified limitations such as generalizability, the study findings appear to have validity and show confidence in the truthfulness of the results. The study does contribute to meaningful results and evidence applicable in nursing practice and hospital policies regarding staffing. Further study suggested would be to observe larger inner city hospitals with greater levels of skill mix for longer duration of time. References Brewer, B. B. (2006). Relationships among teams, culture, safety, and cost outcomes. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 28(6), 641-653 Kalisch, B. J. , Lee, K. (2011). Nurse Staffing Levels and Teamwork: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Care Units in Acute Care Hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1), 82-88. Salas, E. , Sims, D. E. , Burke, C. S. (2005). Is there a ‘big five† in teamwork? Small Group Research, 36(5), 555-599. How to cite Regulatory and Accreditation, Papers

Communism In The U.S. Essay Example For Students

Communism In The U.S. Essay Karl Marx, author of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political and economic theory of Scientific Socialism (modern Communism). Communism, by definition, is the complete control of major resources and the means of production by government, initially in the form of autocracy. In theory, under this system all would be equal; all would share in both work, according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or working class, would revolt against the bourgeoisie, or wealthy capitalist class, because of the stark contrast prevalent between the wealthy and poor. The new economy, run by and for the people, would produce not for profit, but for the needs of the people. Thus, abundance would rule. Marx further predicted this revolution would occur in Western Europe, the most industrialized and capitalist portion of the world. During the late 1920s up until World War II, the United States went through a period of severe economic depression, also called the Great Depression. Multitudes of Americans everywhere were inadequately clothed, nourished, and sheltered. As hunger and unemployment reached never before seen levels, despair reigned. During these times Labor Union enrollment dramatically increased and Americans were searching for a panacea to their social and economic problems. It was at this time that groups of citizens, jobless and hungry, looked upon Communism favorably. These individuals longed for what seemed to be a utopian society, which they viewed in the USSR, where everyone was employed and cared for. Communist political parties sprung up everywhere, literature and newspapers in support of Communism proliferated. More and more, seeing the success and the promises, the enrollment in Communist parties increased. Members of the American Communist party idealized the leaders of the USSR, Lenin and Stalin. American politician Joseph McCarthy led a campaign against Communist subversion in the early 1950s. McCarthy charged several high-ranking officials with subversive activities. Then, as chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations, McCarthy continued inquiry into subversive activities in the U.S. He created much controversy with his allegations, which were more like a modern day political witch hunt.Americans, deeply worried about the spread of communism, panicked with the highly publicized hearings. People were fired from jobs and had themselves and family members physically threatened if they were unfortunate enough to be accused of supporting Communism. There was a nationwide Red Scare. After the death of USSR leader Joseph Stalin, reports were made about his method for controlling his country. The Khrushchev Reports, as they were called, revealed the brutal tactics that Stalin used in marshaling resources to accomplish his objectives. If discord was detected, Stalin and his regime were quick in suppression, at any cost.This had a disastrous affect upon the American Communist movement. For, it was Stalin that the members of this party most highly regarded. These revelations were so disheartening that, within two years, the membership of the American Communist party declined by more than 80%.The will of the believers had been crippled. American government and society, as seen through events such as the McCarthy hearings, displayed a Communist as an evil, traitorous, spy. They were portrayed as contrary to all American ideals, as wanting the destruction of democracy and freedom, by means of force. However, the communists, in actuality, were none of the kind. Firstly, they were individuals who believed in Socialism, not Communism. Furthermore, they did not want the demise of democracy through revolt. Rather, they wanted to change the political structure through their right to vote, a democratic right. These individuals were accused of trying to overthrow the foundation of the government that our forefathers had laid, when truly they wanted to enhance it, to spread equality and freedom through socialism. The work of these individuals was not in vain, however. They accomplished much, just by their faith and belief alone, which served to bring them out of inactivity and into progressive thought and activity in a time of despair. Also, the movement strengthened many Americans capitalist, democratic views along with their nationalism. As their will prevailed, the resolve of the Americans to rid the world of Communism grew as well, as can be seen in many skirmishes between the non-Communist and Communist countries throughout this century. As we can see , Marxs predictions were failed in the United States. This can be attributed largely to the fact that in every American there lies a certain self-serving incentive to work, whether large or small, which coerces that person to make personal gain or profit. In other words, many capitalist values are hereditary in nature for Americans. Furthermore, our government was such that our complete political system would have had to be demolished, and there was never enough dissension to cause a total upheaval. Finally, after World War II the U.S. entered an era of economic prosperity, which is to this day continuing. Soldiers returned from the war with money that they had saved. The government also enacted legislation to help veterans fund further education. These elements combined to form a very strong, consumptive middle class. If people are secure and happy with their lives it is harder to precipitate change than if they are afflicted. .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .postImageUrl , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:hover , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:visited , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:active { border:0!important; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:active , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arizona Concrete EssayNot only in the U.S., but also worldwide we see this economic philosophy losing its appeal. This can be attributed to technological advancement, which has created an average level of affluence unknown to any previous time. The strength and aid of the non-Communist countries has persuaded developing nations to form capitalist, constitutional governments similar to those in place. Furthermore, in societies where Communism was attempted, there was a large degree of scarcity and inequality, not to mention the coercive nature of the governments attempting Communism. Finally, in all societies where Communism was attempted the preconditions that Marx set for th were not met. For example, Russia was not a largely industrial and capitalist society prior to the attempt at Communism; nor were they a highly intellectual or accomplished society. Rather, the society prior to the attempt was a feudalist government comprised of a Czar, much like a king, and nobility, not a capitalist upper class. Category: History

What Is Nanotechnology Essays - Nanotechnology,

What is Nanotechnology? Computers reproduce information at almost no cost. A push is well underway to invent devices that manufacture at almost no cost, by treating atoms discretely, like computers treat bits of information. This would allow automatic construction of consumer goods without traditional labor, like a Xerox machine produces unlimited copies without a human retyping the original information. Electronics is fueled by miniaturization. Working smaller has led to the tools capable of manipulating individual atoms like the proteins in a potato manipulate the atoms of soil, air and water to make copies of itself. The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called Nanotechnology is ushering in the era of self replicating machinery and self assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms (Drexler, Merkle paraphrased). Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (3 - 4 atoms wide). Utilizing the well understood chemical properties of atoms and molecules (how they stick together), nanotechnology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually and place them exactly where needed to produce the desired structure. This ability is almost in our grasp. The anticipated payoff for mastering this technology is far beyond any human accomplishment so far... Technical feasibilities include: ? Self-assembling consumer goods ? Computers billions of times faster ? Extremely novel inventions (impossible today) ? Safe and affordable space travel ? Medical Nano... virtual end to illness, aging, death ? No more pollution and automatic cleanup of already existing pollution ? Molecular food syntheses... end of famine and starvation ? Access to a superior education for every child on Earth ? Reintroduction of many extinct plants and animals ? Terraforming here and the Solar System From the introduction of the plenary of Dr. Drexler at the January '96 program of the twenty-ninth annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Maui. (An academic meeting of software and systems scientist.) In a world of information, digital technologies have made copying fast, cheap, and perfect, quite independent of cost or complexity of the content. What if the same were to happen in the world of matter? The production cost of a ton of terabyte RAM chips would be about the same as the production cost of steel. Design costs would matter, production costs wouldn't. Bibliography THE NEXT GENERATIONS...

Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the Korean War

Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the Korean War The Battle of Chosin Reservoir was fought from November 26 to December 11, 1950 during the Korean War (1950-1953). Following the Chinese decision to intervene in the Korean War in October, their forces began crossing the Yalu River in large numbers. Encountering elements of Major General Edward Almonds X Corps, including the 1st Marine Division, they attempted to overwhelm the Americans near the Chosin Reservoir. Fought in bitterly cold conditions, the resulting battle quickly entered US Marine Corps lore as the Marines, with support from the US Army, fought tenaciously to escape from the Chinese. After more than two weeks, they succeeded in breaking out and were ultimately evacuated from Hungnam. Fast Facts: Inchon Invasion Conflict: Korean War (1950-1953)Dates: November 26 to December 11, 1950Armies Commanders:United NationsGeneral Douglas MacArthurMajor General Edward Almond, X CorpsMajor General Oliver P. Smith, 1st Marine Divisionapprox. 30,000 menChineseGeneral Song Shi-Lunapprox. 120,000 menCasualties:United Nations: 1,029 killed, 4,582 wounded, and 4,894 missingChinese: 19,202 to 29,800 casualties Background On October 25, 1950, with General Douglas MacArthurs United Nations forces closing in a victorious end to the Korean War, Communist Chinese forces began pouring across the border. Striking the spread out UN troops with overwhelming force, they compelled them to retreat all across the front. In northeastern Korea, the US X Corps, led by Major General Edward Almond, was strung out with its units unable to support each other. Those units near the Chosin (Changjin) Reservoir included the 1st Marine Division and elements of the 7th Infantry Division. General Douglas MacArthur during the Inchon landings, September 1950. National Archives and Records Administration Chinese Invasion Advancing quickly, the Ninth Army Group of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) blunted X Corps advance and swarmed around the UN troops at Chosin. Alerted to their predicament, Almond ordered the commander of the 1st Marine Division, Major General Oliver P. Smith, to begin a fighting retreat back towards the coast. Commencing on November 26, Smiths men endured extreme cold and severe weather. The next day, the 5th and 7th Marines attacked from their positions near Yudam-ni, on the west bank of the reservoir, with some success against the PLA forces in the area. Over the next three days the 1st Marine Division successfully defended their positions at Yudam-ni and Hagaru-ri against Chinese human wave assaults. On November 29, Smith contacted Colonel Chesty Puller, commanding the 1st Marine Regiment, at Koto-ri and asked him to assemble a task force to re-open the road from there to Hagaru-ri. Colonel Lewis Chesty Puller, November 1950. US Marine Corps Hell Fire Valley Complying, Puller formed a force consisting of Lieutenant Colonel Douglas B. Drysdales 41 Independent Commando (Royal Marines Battalion), G Company (1st Marines), B Company (31st Infantry), and other rear echelon troops. Numbering 900 men, the 140-vehicle task force departed at 9:30 AM on the 29th, with Drysdale in command. Pushing up the road to Hargaru-ri, the task force became bogged down after being ambushed by Chinese troops. Fighting in an area that was dubbed Hell Fire Valley, Drysdale was reinforced by tanks sent by Puller. Battle of Chosin Reservoir Map. US Army Pressing on, Drysdales men ran a gauntlet of fire and reached Hagaru-ri with the bulk of 41 Commando, G Company, and the tanks. During the attack, the B Company, 31st Infantry, became separated and isolated along the road. While most were killed or captured, some were able to escape back to Koto-ri. While the Marines were fighting to the west, the 31st Regimental Combat Team (RCT) of the 7th Infantry was battling for its life on the eastern shore of the reservoir. US Marine engage Chinese forces in Korea, 1950. US Marine Corps Fighting to Escape Repeatedly assaulted by the 80th and 81st PLA divisions, the 3,000-man 31st RCT was worn down and overrun. Some survivors of the unit reached the Marine lines at Hagaru-ri on December 2. Holding his position at Hagaru-ri, Smith ordered the 5th and 7th Marines to abandon the area around Yudam-ni and link up with the rest of the division. Fighting a brutal three-day battle, the Marines entered Hagaru-ri on December 4. Two days later, Smiths command began fighting their way back to Koto-ri. Battling overwhelming odds, the Marines and other elements of X Corps attacked continuously as they moved towards the port of Hungnam. A highlight of the campaign occurred on December 9, when a bridge was constructed over a 1,500-ft. gorge between Koto-ri and Chinhung-ni using prefabricated bridge sections dropped by the US Air Force. Cutting through the enemy, the last of the Frozen Chosin reached Hungnam on December 11. Aftermath While not a victory in the classic sense, the withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir is revered as a high point in the history of the US Marine Corps. In the fighting, the Marines and other UN troops effectively destroyed or crippled seven Chinese divisions which attempted to block their progress. Marine losses in the campaign numbered 836 killed and 12,000 wounded. Most of the latter were frostbite injuries inflicted by the severe cold and winter weather. US Army losses numbered around 2,000 killed and 1,000 wounded. Precise casualties for the Chinese are not known but are estimated between 19,202 to 29,800. Upon reaching Hungnam, the veterans of Chosin Reservoir were evacuated as part of the large amphibious operation to rescue UN troops from northeastern Korea.

How to Tell a Male From a Female Shark

How to Tell a Male From a Female Shark Ever wondered how to tell the sex of a shark? Distinguishing the sex of a shark is easier than in most marine species. Its all in the sharks external anatomy. Male sharks have modified pelvic fins called claspers. Females do not have these claspers. As male sharks age, the calcium is deposited in the claspers, so that older males have harder claspers. In addition to the absence of claspers, females tend to be larger than males, although those differences may not always be obvious, especially in the wild. Where Claspers Are Located These claspers are located on the sharks underside, within the sharks two pelvic fins. They look kind of like long fingers that extend underneath the sharks belly.   Shark Reproduction in Brief The claspers are used for reproduction. Sharks breed via sexual reproduction with internal fertilization. This involves the sharks usually positioning themselves belly to belly, a process that can involve a lot of biting. The claspers have grooves which are used to transfer sperm from the male shark to the females cloaca.  The sperm is moved through the grooves using seawater. The sperm fertilizes the females eggs, and voila!- a shark embryo is created. From there, development and birth vary by species.   In some species, such as bamboo sharks, the female lays eggs outside of her body (oviparous). About 40% of the 400 shark species lay eggs. In ovoviviparous  sharks, such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and thresher sharks, the eggs develop inside the females body, but the young are born live. Placental viviparous sharks give birth in a way similar to mammals- the young shark is nourished inside the female by a yolk-sac placenta, before being born live. Bull sharks, lemon sharks, and hammerhead sharks are examples of species that employ this strategy.

Roe vs Wade Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roe vs Wade Case - Assignment Example The article will provide adequate information on the historical background of abortion over time. Furthermore, it will give the accounts of the events as they occurred leading to the 1973 famous Roe Versus Wade rulings that led to the legalization of abortion during different stages of pregnancy. The article seeks to establish the rates of unintended pregnancies among Americans and the related outcome. From the study, it was established that about fifty percent of the births in united states were unintended. The article found out that there are a number of factors affecting different level fo unintended pregnancies and rates of abortion in the U.S. For instance, the rates were low among educated women, the rich women and young women who were between 18-24 years of the reproductive age. This source will be of the essence as it will provide information n the statistics on abortion in the united states. Ruth explains the sparked controversy from the rulings made on this day. She explains how the ruling has affected reproduction in the united states. It gives into account the details of the ruling and the laws that it relied on to conclude the way it did. Therefore, the source will provide information that will be used to detect the Roe v. Wade trial. The article, analyses the public opinion on the sensational ruling on abortion in the years 1973 among the public. At the same time, the author studies the rulings that followed the ruling in 1973. The article Analyses the effect of the Roe V. Wade on the latter rulings in the U.S. Therefore, this source will be useful in determining the public opinion on the ruling and the rulings made later emphasizing the effect of Roe v. Wade. The study points out the incidence of abortion in the united states.