The Rise of Enlightened Sexism - 622 Words

The rise of enlightened sexism: How pop culture took us from girl power to girls gone wild Douglas’ humorous and well informed way of writing really inspired me. From examples of magazines, media, television shows, films, retail, and even in music she described and compared to us what is going on among these examples and how real women today are really living their lives. Douglas presents an analysis of how women are presented to the public and how we continue to be treated as inferior to men despite the strides of feminism. After reading this book, I even find myself reading or watching something and pretty much look to see if it is women friendly or not. This is something I really never done before until now. This book definitely got me to think about feminism and the role it plays in my life. This book’s major argument is how women are shown by contemporary media and popular culture in mixed messages. Douglas focuses on the ways women are portrayed in popular music, such as dancers wearing barely any clothes and doing inappropriate things in rap videos; to the empowered women warriors in television, such as Xena: Warrior Princess, Dark Angel and Buffy the Vampire Slayer; to the female players, such as Sarah Palin and Hilary Clinton. Her arguments and points are very valid, I personally think. â€Å"Since the 1990s the mass media has increasingly reported that women have â€Å"made it,† that they achieved gender equality. On television women occupy important jobs like doctors,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Disney s And Fat Phobic Appearance Personality Correlation2223 Words   |  9 Pagesare merely scrawl, yet deemed as Arabic by the movie’s creators. Jasmine is far underdressed for her culture, and would have worn longer, looser clothing to show status as a monarch. 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Due in large part, however, to the weaknesses of the League, resistance to the rise of internal repression and interstate aggression in the interwar years was feeble at best. Stalinist, fascist, and Japanese militarist contempt for civil rights, much less even peaceful protest, opened the way for brutally repressive regimes thatRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesResponsible Managers Relieve Stress on Their Employees 607 Questions for Review 608 Experiential Exercise Power and the Changing Environment 608 Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC 609 Case Incident 1 Starbucks Returns to Its Roots 610 Case Incident 2 The Rise of Extreme Jobs 610 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior 616 623 Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 About the Authors Stephen P. Robbins Education Ph.D. University of Arizona Professional Experience Academic

Regulatory and Accreditation Free Essays

Quantitative Research Article Critique Sandra M. Smith NUR/518 February, 26, 2012 Veta Massey Quantitative Research Article Critique Kalisch, B. J. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulatory and Accreditation or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Lee, K. (2011). Nurse Staffing Levels and Teamwork: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Care Units in Acute Care Hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1), 82-88. Introduction The purpose of this study is to explore the current research data and use of the Nurse Teamwork Survey to see if nurse staffing levels predicts teamwork. The importance of teamwork is to achieve a higher level of patient safety, quality of care, job satisfaction, and decrease turnover. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with a 2,545 nursing staff on 52 units delivering patient care, in four different hospitals among the Mid- West. The relevance of the study is to show that there is an association between quality, safe care, and teamwork which also requires safe staffing (Kalisch Lee, 2011) The title of the article suggests the main variables and the population in the study. The abstract concisely and clearly summarize the main problem, method, and results of the study. The problem identified is a lack of understanding between the relationship of workload, teamwork, and level of staffing. Literature review The literature review is up- to -date and focused mostly on primary sources. Dates of the literature review range from 1994- 2009. Only one review studied was over 10 years and six were in the past five years. The review provides a range of comparisons between teamwork and job satisfaction, mortality rate, interpersonal skills, and quality of care. What is known is that a higher level of teamwork in the intensive care units was found to be related to a decrease in mortality rates (Kalisch Lee, 2011). Also, a decrease in vacancy rates, and staff turnover was associated with higher level of teamwork. Brewer (2006) showed that† improved teamwork found a significant decrease in patient falls. † The literature review provides a solid base for this study. What is unknown is the relationship between workload, staffing levels, and teamwork. Framework The study illustrates a â€Å"conceptual framework which postulates that staffing levels predict teamwork when there is control of the acuity( CMI) of the patients on the units, the size of the hospital and the nurse staffing levels( nurse staffing included RN’s, LPN’s, NA’s, and unit secretaries)† (Kalisch Lee, 2009, p. 3). There is a conceptual map, which identifies the variables and relationship that is simple and understandable. The framework was based on the outcome of the literature review and the effects that staffing levels had on teamwork. The framework does identify the relationships between teamwork and staffing levels to patient outcomes. â€Å"The framework relates to the body of nursi ng knowledge in that patient safety and patient perception of care delivered in held in high esteem for nurses† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 83). The conceptual framework identified the meaning of teamwork by using the Salas, Sims, and Burke (2005) study that identified five important elements of teamwork (trust, team orientation, back up, shared mental model, and team leadership). Using this conceptual framework its basic foundation, the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) was developed and tested to be used for the psychometric elements. This testing resulted in identifying five different elements of the nursing team that was descriptive. The research questions proposed where asfollows: â€Å"By controlling the CMI and size of the hospital, does the level of staffing predict nursing teamwork? By controlling hospital size and CMI, does the level of staffing predict subscales of teamwork (trust, team orientation, back up shared mental model, and team leadership)† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 83)? The aim of the research questions was appropriate to the study on that they identified the relationship between teamwork and staffing levels. Method The study (Kalisch Lee, 2011) used a descriptive, cross-sectional design and an appropriate sample was used. â€Å"The setting was four hospitals within the Midwest of the United. Sampling characteristics were 60% over the age of 35. The majority of the sample were female (89%) and RN’s (70%), and the majority (74%) had at least 2 years experience† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 83). The sample group was identified and described and sufficient in size and character. The size of the hospitals were between 300 -900 beds. All units were eligible for inclusion. A total of 52 beds was the study sample. The sampling staff made up 2,545 respondents. 1,741 were RN’s, 41 were LPN’s, 502 were NA’s, and 191 were unit secretaries. The sample groups were appropriately identified as pertinent to the study question. The NTS was used in this study and was intended to measure nursing teamwork in the inpatient care setting. The Bartlett test was used to indicate the correlation matrix that showed it not to be an identity matrix. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measured the sample adequacy. In this study it was determined to be excellent at (0. 961). Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the team work model of five factors fit the data well. A comparative fit index model was 0. 884 with a root mean square error of approximation to be 0. 055. The test and retest reliability was good at 0. 92. The consistency of the survey showed to be 0. 94 with co-efficient ranging from 0. 74-0. 85. The results of these tests showed a similarity in responses of staff members on the same unit (Kalisch Lee, 2011). The NTS used was a questionnaire. It contains 33 questions with a Likert-type scaling system. This survey was generated by the literature review and from focus groups with staff members. The staff members are dependent variables within the study, although the hospital size and CMI of the patients are independent variables. The survey was given to the staff with a time limit for responding. The response was anonymous. Staffing data was also obtained by each hospitals database. The nurse staffing indicators included hours per patient day (HPPD), RN hours per patient day (RN HPPD), and skill mix (RN’s LPN’s, and NA’s providing direct patient care). The acuity of the patients was also a factor. The study did ensure comparable data among the four sites. This was done by using the raw data that was provided by the participating hospitals. The appropriate statistical methods were used in this study and the research questions were also addressed with the groups surveyed. Data collection The study was conducted over a four- week period where data was collected from each facility. The data collection phase included two separate study phases. The first phase was the administration of the survey to the units and the collection of raw staffing data from the hospitals. The NTS was put in an envelope with a letter of explanation about the study. Incentive was given to each participate by the addition of a candy bar. The participation was made known to be voluntary. The subjects were to place the completed survey in a locked box provided on each unit. A pizza incentive was given for units who achieved a 50% return. This incentive was appropriate because the staff had to take time out of their work day to do the study. The second phase, which collected the raw data of HPPD, RN HPPD, CMI, and skill mix were obtained from each unit prior to the NTS being administered (Kalisch Lee, 2011). The collected data was appropriate to the study questions. Statistical data analysis Data analysis was obtained by the use of the Statistical Package for Social Science version 16. 0. The unit analysis is identified as the patient care unit. The mean score for teamwork level obtained from the NTS was collected and combined to a unit level team score. Statistical analysis was done to address each question in the study. Appropriate methods were used to analyze the data obtained. â€Å"Preliminary analysis involved using frequency, descriptive, and correlation methods that associated with the research question. Correlation analysis was effectively used to address the relationships between hospital bed size, staffing levels, and teamwork† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 85). Regression analysis was done to identify the correlation of staffing levels as it compares to the five subscales of teamwork. One analysis identified HPPD as the high level of predictability of teamwork on the unit. The analysis showed that the higher the skill mixes on a floor and higher HPPD, the greater the predictability of teamwork. The findings of the study are adequately summarized by the use of multiple tables. The findings are reported in a manner that would support evidence-base practice. Discussion The major findings of the relationship between staffing levels and teamwork were interpreted and discussed. This study does demonstrate that there is a relationship between HPPD and nursing teamwork. It was also reported that the higher the skill mix the greater level of teamwork. Researcher notes that â€Å"the use of actual nurse staffing data adds substantial credibility and confidence to the previous findings† (Kalisch Lee, 2011, p. 86). The interpretations of the study appear to uniformly flow with the results. The study does discuss the limitations of the study on that the sample was in only four Mid-Western hospitals. According to Kalisch and Lee (2011, p. 87), â€Å"team work is more difficult to achieve in larger hospitals. † The sample does not provide for generalizability of the findings. The study recommends further direct observation studies to measure actual teamwork. Implications The study does discuss the implications of the findings. The results suggest that ensuring adequate staffing is important but also increasing the efficiency of the delivery of care by using staff more effectively. Summary Despite some identified limitations such as generalizability, the study findings appear to have validity and show confidence in the truthfulness of the results. The study does contribute to meaningful results and evidence applicable in nursing practice and hospital policies regarding staffing. Further study suggested would be to observe larger inner city hospitals with greater levels of skill mix for longer duration of time. References Brewer, B. B. (2006). Relationships among teams, culture, safety, and cost outcomes. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 28(6), 641-653 Kalisch, B. J. , Lee, K. (2011). Nurse Staffing Levels and Teamwork: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Care Units in Acute Care Hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1), 82-88. Salas, E. , Sims, D. E. , Burke, C. S. (2005). Is there a ‘big five† in teamwork? Small Group Research, 36(5), 555-599. How to cite Regulatory and Accreditation, Papers

Communism In The U.S. Essay Example For Students

Communism In The U.S. Essay Karl Marx, author of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political and economic theory of Scientific Socialism (modern Communism). Communism, by definition, is the complete control of major resources and the means of production by government, initially in the form of autocracy. In theory, under this system all would be equal; all would share in both work, according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or working class, would revolt against the bourgeoisie, or wealthy capitalist class, because of the stark contrast prevalent between the wealthy and poor. The new economy, run by and for the people, would produce not for profit, but for the needs of the people. Thus, abundance would rule. Marx further predicted this revolution would occur in Western Europe, the most industrialized and capitalist portion of the world. During the late 1920s up until World War II, the United States went through a period of severe economic depression, also called the Great Depression. Multitudes of Americans everywhere were inadequately clothed, nourished, and sheltered. As hunger and unemployment reached never before seen levels, despair reigned. During these times Labor Union enrollment dramatically increased and Americans were searching for a panacea to their social and economic problems. It was at this time that groups of citizens, jobless and hungry, looked upon Communism favorably. These individuals longed for what seemed to be a utopian society, which they viewed in the USSR, where everyone was employed and cared for. Communist political parties sprung up everywhere, literature and newspapers in support of Communism proliferated. More and more, seeing the success and the promises, the enrollment in Communist parties increased. Members of the American Communist party idealized the leaders of the USSR, Lenin and Stalin. American politician Joseph McCarthy led a campaign against Communist subversion in the early 1950s. McCarthy charged several high-ranking officials with subversive activities. Then, as chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations, McCarthy continued inquiry into subversive activities in the U.S. He created much controversy with his allegations, which were more like a modern day political witch hunt.Americans, deeply worried about the spread of communism, panicked with the highly publicized hearings. People were fired from jobs and had themselves and family members physically threatened if they were unfortunate enough to be accused of supporting Communism. There was a nationwide Red Scare. After the death of USSR leader Joseph Stalin, reports were made about his method for controlling his country. The Khrushchev Reports, as they were called, revealed the brutal tactics that Stalin used in marshaling resources to accomplish his objectives. If discord was detected, Stalin and his regime were quick in suppression, at any cost.This had a disastrous affect upon the American Communist movement. For, it was Stalin that the members of this party most highly regarded. These revelations were so disheartening that, within two years, the membership of the American Communist party declined by more than 80%.The will of the believers had been crippled. American government and society, as seen through events such as the McCarthy hearings, displayed a Communist as an evil, traitorous, spy. They were portrayed as contrary to all American ideals, as wanting the destruction of democracy and freedom, by means of force. However, the communists, in actuality, were none of the kind. Firstly, they were individuals who believed in Socialism, not Communism. Furthermore, they did not want the demise of democracy through revolt. Rather, they wanted to change the political structure through their right to vote, a democratic right. These individuals were accused of trying to overthrow the foundation of the government that our forefathers had laid, when truly they wanted to enhance it, to spread equality and freedom through socialism. The work of these individuals was not in vain, however. They accomplished much, just by their faith and belief alone, which served to bring them out of inactivity and into progressive thought and activity in a time of despair. Also, the movement strengthened many Americans capitalist, democratic views along with their nationalism. As their will prevailed, the resolve of the Americans to rid the world of Communism grew as well, as can be seen in many skirmishes between the non-Communist and Communist countries throughout this century. As we can see , Marxs predictions were failed in the United States. This can be attributed largely to the fact that in every American there lies a certain self-serving incentive to work, whether large or small, which coerces that person to make personal gain or profit. In other words, many capitalist values are hereditary in nature for Americans. Furthermore, our government was such that our complete political system would have had to be demolished, and there was never enough dissension to cause a total upheaval. Finally, after World War II the U.S. entered an era of economic prosperity, which is to this day continuing. Soldiers returned from the war with money that they had saved. The government also enacted legislation to help veterans fund further education. These elements combined to form a very strong, consumptive middle class. If people are secure and happy with their lives it is harder to precipitate change than if they are afflicted. .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .postImageUrl , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:hover , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:visited , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:active { border:0!important; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:active , .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44 .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2670b67ed572864373e2e51c0a140c44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arizona Concrete EssayNot only in the U.S., but also worldwide we see this economic philosophy losing its appeal. This can be attributed to technological advancement, which has created an average level of affluence unknown to any previous time. The strength and aid of the non-Communist countries has persuaded developing nations to form capitalist, constitutional governments similar to those in place. Furthermore, in societies where Communism was attempted, there was a large degree of scarcity and inequality, not to mention the coercive nature of the governments attempting Communism. Finally, in all societies where Communism was attempted the preconditions that Marx set for th were not met. For example, Russia was not a largely industrial and capitalist society prior to the attempt at Communism; nor were they a highly intellectual or accomplished society. Rather, the society prior to the attempt was a feudalist government comprised of a Czar, much like a king, and nobility, not a capitalist upper class. Category: History